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It is a proxy or proxy server. is a server-related software that serves as an intermediary between a clients and servers on the internet. Without an intermediary, a customer can submit a request for any resource directly to the server, and the server would then serve the requested resource directly to the client. Although this is a simple process to understand and apply using proxies, it can provide advantages such as greater performance and privacy, security and much more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the combination of server hardware as well as software used to set up proxy installations is commonly referred to in the context of proxy servers. In this article, we will focus on proxies typically understood as software, and ones that work together with web servers. We will provide a description of the two main kinds of proxies: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique application scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as how they can be used in most common configurations. Through this article, users will be able to identify the scenarios in which an effective proxy can be useful, and select the correct solution in between forward and reverse proxy options for each situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also, a forward proxy or open proxy open proxy is a representative of the client that is trying to send an internet request to a server that originated. In this case, all request to send it from the client will be sent by the forward-proxy. In this situation, this forward-proxy acting the place of the client will review the request. It is the first thing to determine what authorization the user has to send requests to this particular forward proxy. It then will reject the request as well as send it back to the original server. The client isn't able to have direct connection to the internet; it is only able to access what forward proxy grants its access.




The most popular uses for forward proxies is the increased privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy can be utilized to access the internet in instead of a client and may use a different IP address in place of the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.




Based on the way it was configured in the past, forward proxy servers can perform a variety of tasks and allow you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies can also be used for security systems that are centralized and permission based access for instance, at work. When all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy layer an administrator can allow access only to specific individuals to access the web, which is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer, which could comprise a range of devices that are different in user and environment and environment, a firewall may be placed on the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual configuration for use, However reverse proxy will be not noticed by the client. Based on whether an IP address from the customer is passed to the original server via this forward proxy, security and anonymity can be granted, or ignored.




There are several possibilities to investigate to find forward-looking proxy services:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide an entire web server. We have a tutorial on how to configure Squid proxy for private connection on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more appropriate for scenarios such as with peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to look at how to create a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an agent on behalf of a web server, handling incoming requests by clients on behalf of. This web server may comprise a single server, or multiple servers. It could also serve for application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations a request could come from a customer via the internet at large. Most of the time it will be routed directly to the server that hosts the services the customer needs. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating Web servers and direct interactions with the open internet.




From a client's perspective that is a user's viewpoint using reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting directly to your website server. It's exactly the same, but clients can't be able to tell the distinction. The customer requests an item and receives it with no additional configurations that need to be performed by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxies may offer some features, including:




A centralized layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can create.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy solutions, reverse proxies provide this benefit to the web server layer, and not to that layer of the internet server, which is called client. In lieu of maintaining firewalls on the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security could be directed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with a firewall as well as interacting with the requests of clients from web servers allows them to focus solely on serving the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines how requests are routed on which server. There are many web servers offering the same content however, they each serve different kinds of content or a mix of them. They may be using the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, however, they may include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You may also set up reverse proxy servers to redirect the clients towards specific servers in accordance with the service requested or to follow certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their placement in front of web servers, by offering caching functionality. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit every time a request is made, with certain solutions providing the option to provide static files directly, without involving the servers in any manner. Furthermore reverse proxy may manage the compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy service. Although the Apache website server also equipped with a reverse proxy function as an added option for Apache and is in contrast to Nginx was originally designed and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are ascribed to the notion of directionality and false comparisons between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing since each type of proxy handles both responses and requests. Instead, a better way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is useful in designing an application that is able to serve web-based applications via the internet. They represent your web servers in all interactions on the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when used in front of client traffic for personal use or for work. They represent the traffic of your clients whenever you interact on the internet.




The use case distinction instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions will assist in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article describes what a proxy is, with the two major kinds being forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical application scenarios and a review of important characteristics were used to define forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about how to implement proxy services, you can refer to our tutorial on how you can set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy with Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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