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It is a proxy which is also known as a proxy server, is software that acts to act as mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a user can make a request for or resource to the server directly and the server would serve the resource directly back to the user. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies can provide advantages in the form of improved performance, privacy, security, and many more. As a pass-through layer, a proxy serves as an extra layer of security on the internet between servers and clients.




The consensus is that the mix of hardware for servers and the software to install proxy servers is usually referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers which are generally considered to be software, as well as when referring to web servers. There will be a discussion of the two primary types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. They each have their own use scenario that is frequently not understood due to the similar terms.




This article will provide you with some knowledge about what proxies are and the subtypes of them and how they function in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to identify the scenarios where you could benefit by a proxy, and select the most appropriate forward and reverse proxy in every scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also referred to by the name of open proxy. open proxy acts as the representative of a user who would like to make a request through the internet to an source server. In this scenario, the entire attempt to send requests made by the user will be sent to the forward-proxy. This forward proxy acting on behalf of the client will examine the request. The first step is to determine whether the client is able to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny a request or forward it to its original server. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly. It is only able to access what forward proxy allows for it to be connected to.




A popular use for forward proxy is to achieve greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy can be used to access the internet in instead of a client and, in this way it could utilize an alternative IP address to the initial IP address.




Depending on how it has been configured, the forward proxy will provide various functions based upon the way it has been configured that allows you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies are also utilized to secure systems that are centralized and based on permission access, such as in the workplace. The entire internet can be passed through an open forward proxy. an administrator could permit only a few clients online access through an common firewall. Instead of creating firewalls at the layer of clients, which could comprise a range of devices with various configurations and users, a firewall can be placed in the front proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to be used, however reverse proxies be ignored by the clients. Based on the fact that the IP address of the user is sent to the server from which it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity might be granted, or left unnoticed.




There are many possibilities to explore forward proxy options




Apache: A popular open-source web server that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx is a different well-known open-source web server that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which makes use of the HTTP protocol. It isn't an complete Web server software. We have a guide on how to install Squid proxy for private connections for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suited for cases like peer-to-peer connections. It's also worth taking a look investigate how to set up an Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



The reverse proxy acts as the server which takes care of requests from clients instead. The web server may serve as a single server or a number of servers. In addition, it could serve as an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request is made by a customer via the internet. In most cases, the request will be directed directly to the web server which has the resources that the user wants. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary, shielding it from direct contact with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the client, interacting with reverse proxy is not different from connecting to your website server direct. It's essentially the same, and the user is unable to tell the difference. The client makes an request for a resource that is then followed by receiving it, without any further configuration from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


Directing traffic according to rules that you decide to decide to define.


Additional functions to cache data.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxy servers provide this benefit only to that layer of the internet server but not to the layer that clients use. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the web server layer, which could contain several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security may be handled by the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, getting rid of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and communicating with requests coming from clients far from web servers lets them focus on serving the resources.




If multiple servers are operating in a reverse proxy The reverse proxy takes care of the way requests are routed to the server. There may be several web servers providing the exact same service, each providing different types of resources or a mix of the two. They may utilize the HTTP protocol for a traditional web server, however they may additionally include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers based on the resource they request or to observe certain guidelines regarding traffic volume.




Reverse proxies also profit from their positioning over web servers by offering the ability to cache data. The large static files can be set up with caching rules in order to avoid from hitting web servers with every request, with some options allowing users to upload static files directly, without connecting to the web server once. In addition, the reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx website server also a highly popular reverse proxy solution. While Apache has a reverse proxy service, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy functions as an additional option to Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and was designed with a focus on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use. Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false connections to "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse because both types of proxies deal with requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an important aspect when developing a solution to serve websites on the internet. They act as your web server for any interaction on the internet.




A forward proxy is beneficial for use in front of clients for personal use or even in a workplace. They act as your client's proxy via any communication with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on common name conventions can make it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the significance of a proxy and the two main types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios to use them and a discussion of the most beneficial features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies, then you should check out our tutorial on how you can set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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